BONE PLASTIC

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Bone plastic

In recent years, the effectiveness of replacing missing teeth using dental implants is beyond doubt. But most often, dentists are faced with a shortage of bone tissue in the jaw, which complicates the installation of implants. This usually happens because after the removal of the tooth, the load on this area of the jaw stops, and at the same time, nutrition decreases and bone tissue is resorbed - resorption.

Three types of resorption are distinguished in dentistry:

1. Vertical, in which the height of the cellular alveolar process decreases.

2. Horizontal, which is characterized by a narrowing of the alveolar process.

3. Combined, with reduction of the alveolar process horizontally and vertically.

If you delay the restoration of the missing tooth, the bone tissue deficiency will become so pronounced that implantation will no longer be possible. In such cases, one cannot do without bone grafting to increase the height and width of the alveolar process. This led to the development of such an important direction in dental implantology as bone plastic surgery.

What is bone plastic in dentistry?

Bone grafting is necessary when the volume of the jawbone is insufficient to secure a dental implant. Depending on the volume of bone tissue, the dentist determines whether it is possible to implant teeth or not. The bigger the jaw bone and the denser it is, the more chances for implants to take root. The implant must be surrounded by at least one, and preferably two, millimeters of bone material in order to be securely fixed.

If the bone is not enough, bone plastic is performed and when the bone increases, teeth are implanted. The volume and density of the jaw bone is precisely determined by the dentist on the basis of computer tomography, where the jaw, bone density, direction of roots, blood vessels and soft tissues are measured.

Why is bone plastic needed?

When teeth are lost, there is no normal mechanical load on the jaw bone. If the space between the teeth is not treated in time, the bones and gums "retreat". The jaw bone may be affected by diseases that have caused a jaw defect or bone loss, resulting in the alveolar ridge being too narrow or too low for an implant and requiring bone augmentation, i.e., bone grafting. Similar to muscles that have not been trained for a long time and therefore regress, the same applies to the bones of the jaw.

Implantation of teeth becomes possible only if there is a sufficient amount of bone tissue. Therefore, the main advantage of bone plastic surgery is that patients with such a problem have a chance to restore the dentition, full chewing function and a healthy smile. Among the disadvantages of bone tissue augmentation are the possibility of inflammation and rejection of bone material. However, the probability that the substitute will not be able to fuse properly with the natural bone and will have to be changed again is very small.

Causes of bone loss

The main reason for the loss of bone tissue of the upper and lower jaw is the loss of a tooth. But chronic periodontitis or other inflammatory processes also contribute to the loss of jaw bone.

1. The loss of the lateral permanent teeth of the upper jaw leads to a reduction in the volume of the bone, due to the fact that there is no load and stress stimulus. The alveolar ridge often becomes so thin that the volume is no longer sufficient for implant placement. If such a problem occurs in the upper jaw, the dentist performs a sinus lift. With this technique, the floor of the maxillary sinus is raised, and the space created can now be filled with bone material.

2. Loss of implants or failed bone augmentation procedures can also cause severe jaw bone loss, as can tumors requiring (partial) jaw resection.

3. Loss of bone mass due to inflammation or disease. Other causes of jawbone loss are often associated with periodontal disease, namely severe or chronic periodontitis or peri-implantitis on existing implants.

Types and technologies of bone plastic surgery

Bone plastic tooth is performed using several technologies:

• Cleavage of the alveolar process. The method is used to restore from one to several teeth with resorption of the alveolar process. Thanks to this method, implantation is carried out simultaneously with bone plastic, does not require the selection of own bone material.

• Bone grafting. The method is used for severe bone resorption in width and height, suitable for restoration of one or several teeth. The technology does not allow you to start implantation right away. The implant is installed after approximately 6-12 months.

• Directed bone regeneration. The method is applicable for minor bone atrophy, implant installation can be performed simultaneously with tissue transplantation.

• Sinus lifting. The method is based on raising the floor of the maxillary sinus and filling the space with osteoplastic material. The technique can be applied to the upper jaw, where the teeth are close to the maxillary sinus.

Bone grafting in periodontitis is not always effective. This disease is characterized by inflammatory processes and destruction of bone tissue. In the area of the fallen tooth, the bone rapidly atrophies and thins. Therefore, in case of periodontitis, it is important to correctly choose the bone plastic method so that the installed implant in the future achieves good stabilization and can withstand the load.

Reviews about bone plastic during dental implantation note that it is a completely painless procedure, which is performed with the use of anesthesia or medicated sleep. In some cases, bone plastic surgery can be performed simultaneously with the installation of an implant, if only a small increase in the width of the jaw bones is required. With a significant bone deficiency in height, implantation is performed only after 4-6 months.

What material is used for bone plastic surgery? In some cases, bone plastic is performed using the patient's bone element.

However, modern dentistry offers a wide range of osteoplastic materials based on animal tissues - xenoimplants, which show excellent osteoinductive qualities, are completely biocompatible with autogenous bone and completely preserve the structure of the bone matrix.

How long does bone grafting last?

Bone grafting takes 60 to 120 minutes and is performed under local anesthesia. During surgery, the patient does not feel pain. Depending on the complexity of bone grafting, rehabilitation and the consequences of the operation may be different: if the bone tissue is taken from one's own bone, and not from a synthetic one, an additional wound is formed. Therefore, it takes time (1-2 weeks) to recover.

It may take 3-6 months for the bone to become hard enough. Even after an implant is placed, it takes several months of rest and healing before the jaw can function fully again. In the case of small bone defects, restoration of the bone structure and installation of the implant can be performed in one operation. In this case, the total healing time is shorter than with several interventions.

After bone plastic surgery

Pain after an operation to increase bone tissue of the jaw is an absolutely normal phenomenon. Painful sensations persist for about 3 days and are easily relieved with pain-relieving anti-inflammatory drugs.

In addition, in the first days after surgery, the following may be noted:

• Bleeding;

• Jaw numbness;

• Swelling, which reaches its maximum on the 3rd day.

All these postoperative manifestations are temporary and pass within the next few days.

However, like any operation, bone plastic can be overshadowed by complications in the form of:

• Separation of seams;

• Inflammation, suppuration;

• Sinusitis;

• Bone inflammation;

• Rejection of osteoplastic material.

Most often, complications appear when the doctor's recommendations are not followed.

Recommendations after bone plastic surgery

The recovery period depends directly on the patient's body and compliance with the following doctor's recommendations:

• Take anti-inflammatory drugs as prescribed by the doctor, use healing ointments and carry out the suggested procedures: rinsing, baths.

• Chew food on the healthy side.

• Carry out oral hygiene carefully. Use a brush with soft bristles. Brushing with toothpaste - from the second day after the operation.

• Avoid hot, cold, rough, too salty, sour and spicy food. This diet is maintained for 2 weeks until the soft tissues are completely healed.

• Sleep with your head elevated.

Prohibited after surgery:

• Smoking;

• Warm the operated area;

• Apply warming compresses;

• Consume alcoholic beverages;

• Visit steam rooms (baths, saunas);

• Use an irrigator;

• Travel by plane;

• Swim under water;

• To resort to heavy physical exertion: sports, work;

• Sleep on the operated side.

Rating: 5 out of 5 stars

100%

Марина

27/10/2022

Гарний підхід до клієнта та висока якість послуг! Рекомендую

Pros: Професіонали своєї справи

Cons: Не знайдено

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